Estonia / 2025-09-19-ee-1
airspace incident: Vaindloo Island, Gulf of Finland (2025-09-19)
/ date of the event
What happened
Three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets violated Estonian airspace around Vaindloo in the Gulf of Finland for a total of 12 minutes; they reportedly had no flight plans and their transponders were switched off. The Estonian Defence Forces published flight charts showing the jets flying a straight line parallel to the Estonian coast. Estonia invoked Article 4 of the North Atlantic Treaty and summoned the Russian chargé d'affaires.
The word "Russian" in this description comes from the source's account of where the object was made or what type it is. It is not a finding about who sent it or on whose orders. This record carries no assessment of responsibility: see the attribution band below.
Responsibility and limits of the evidence
not assessed
Nobody has yet assessed responsibility for this record. Not assessed is not the same as not established.
Impact
- killed
- not established
- injured
- not established
- damage
- not established
Sources
- Naruszenia przestrzeni powietrznej nieobjętej działaniami wojennymi podczas wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej
pl.wikipedia.org / secondary source
supports: the record
- Violations of non-combatant airspace during the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022-present)
en.wikipedia.org / secondary source
supports: the record